Since 25 August 2017, an estimated 688,000 Rohingya have crossed over from Myanmar into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, joining approximately 212 000 others who had fled in earlier waves of displacement. Pre-existing camps and settlements as well as new spontaneous settlements have expanded with the new influx. The scale of influx into Cox’s Bazar district and the scarcity of resources resulted in a critical humanitarian emergency that exceeded the coping capacity of the local communities and systems. The crowded living conditions in camps and settlements expose the refugees to further risks of public and individual health. Basic services available prior to influx became over-strained due to massive demands on the systems and services.

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